The Congo Free State was then meant to be a free trade area and buffer state between British and French spheres of influence. 11. ICJ, Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium. Background: The Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14 indicated that the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is still challenged by high maternal and neonatal mortality. Congo come into this on the back of a 2-1 defeat at home to Togo last month in the October round of qualifiers. For South Africa has currency as old as 1896, from 1909 for Angola, British West Africa from 1918, from the Belgian Congo 1914, from French West Africa 1929, from Germa East Africa 1905, from the BCEAO "Banknotes of West African States" 1959, Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1956 and more. Image source, Getty Images. From mid-April 2001, with the formation of a new Government in the Congo, Mr. Yerodia ceased to hold the post of Minister of Education. Beyond the national territory to which, in principle, a State’s authority – be it legislative, executive or judicial – is limited, the Commentary, in my opinion, quite naturally refers to the mechanism of judicial cooperation constituted by extradition – a mechanism that requires “sufficient charges” to be brought against the accused. Congo's Bryock Malonga enters the game and replaces Ovouka. Angola was on the south side of the Congo river. Tintin in the Congo was pieced together from accounts of various African explorers. Both Belgian Congo and Middle Congo gained their independence in 1960. Does it oblige States to provide for universal jurisdiction? It is no coincidence that the Parties discussed before the Court the question of how certain European countries would react if a Congolese judge had charged members of their governments with crimes supposedly committed by them, or on their orders, in Africa. 54. Reading into Article 146 of the IVth Geneva Convention a limitation on a State’s right to exercise universal jurisdiction would fly in the face of a teleological interpretation of the Geneva Conventions. In recent weeks the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly known as Zaire, and before that the Belgian Congo, has been in the news: A brutal civil war, an horrendous AIDS epidemic, the . A few months later on August 15, 1960, the French colony of Middle Congo gained independence and acquired the name "Republic of the Congo". If yes, which of the two takes precedence? The inset map shows the continent in 1870, prior to the conference, when the European . Showing Slide 1 of 3. On the other side of the river . Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/which-congo-is-zaire-1434545. Is it a grave breach of IHL to make statements constituting incitement to racial hatred? ThoughtCo, Apr. [...]. Libya - 1979 6v. To the obligation to search for and prosecute perpetrators of grave breaches of IHL when those concerned are immune ratione personae under international law? This book must be read and reread.” — Los Angeles Times Book Review In the late nineteenth century, as the European powers were carving up Africa, King Leopold II of Belgium carried out a brutal plundering of the territory surrounding ... This work analyzes the contrasting diplomatic styles of Belgian foreign ministers Paul-Henri Spaak and Paul van Zeeland and the atmosphere of disappointment that often hovered over a relationship officially characterized as warm and strong. 61). However, the Court emphasized that the immunity from jurisdiction enjoyed by incumbent Ministers for Foreign Affairs did not mean that they enjoyed impunity in respect of any crimes they might have committed, irrespective of their gravity. DR Congo's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of DRC's exports in 2012. Why does the former ruler continue to benefit from immunity for acts committed in the discharge of his duties during his term in office? 2; Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 25 sold 25 sold. "Republic of the Congo vs. Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)."
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