; Amin, H.H. Theophylline and caffeine are known to relax adult which, when moved, caused an equal lengthening of the muscle ASM (3) and have been shown to decrease bronchomotor tone strip that bridged the cartilaginous ends of the tracheal ring. The use of polymorphous or amorphous forms, organic salts, co-crystals or solid dispersions usually improves the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active ingredients (drug substances) [, Solid dispersions are usually obtained by melting a drug substance mixture with polymer or by evaporating a solvent from drug substance solution with polymer. This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. Theophylline not only helps the patient breathe easier, but it also helps prevent future breathing constrictions. 5 mm id Hypersil octadecylsilane column with UV detection at 280 nm. Several decades ago, medical providers would have commonly followed their morning caffeinated beverage by prescribing oral 1,3-dimethylxanthine, also known as theophylline, to many of their patients with COPD. sources of theophylline and caffeine in general life which are: coffee tea,, chocolate, drugs…etc, therefore This study was designed to show the effects of caffeine and theophylline on some transaminase enzymes such as GOT and GPT. The Feature Paper can be either an original research article, a substantial novel research study that often involves Theophylline consumption at higher level can at lower concentration has been shown their anti- cause headache, nausea, vomiting, increased acid inflammatory effects in asthma and chronic obstructive secretion and gastroesophageal reflux. About 6% of the theophylline dose was converted to caffeine, which is further metabolized to a series of degradation products, which can be measured after caffeine administration, accounted for the incomplete urinary recovery usually observed after theophylline administration. CAFFEINE, THEOPHYLLINE, THEOBROMINE, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE, THERMAL PROPERTIES, SOLUBILITY, DEHYDRATION KINETICS, YOUNGS MODULUS, MICRO-INDENTATION HARDNESS, YIELD PRESSURE. On the other hand, the PCA technique enables the identification of the functional groups responsible for the formation of hydrogen bonding. At steady state, plasma caffeine concentrations varied from 0.21 to 0.75 mg/L at plasma theophylline concentrations of 8.1 to 21.5 mg/L in four healthy subjects. Theophylline is present only in trace amounts. Chocolate derived from cocoa beans is a weak stimulant. This is consistent with data obtained using principal component analysis. 1985 Feb;19(2):225-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02635.x. 2 Caffeine (0.32-32mg/kg), theophylline (1.0-56mg/kg)andtheobromine(10-320mg/kg)in general produced dose-related decreases in operant responding. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. = 188 °C) and caffeine (m.p. The test is used to monitor the levels of either theophylline or caffeine in the blood; the test is useful for doctors to adjust the dosage of medication to ensure the best possible results. caffeine; theophylline; HPMC; miscibility curves; solubility curves; DSC; HSM; FTIT; Raman spectroscopy; principal component analysis, Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User’s Handbook, Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Broad Spectrum Antiviral Properties of Cardiotonic Steroids Used as Potential Therapeutics for Emerging Coronavirus Infections, Optimization of Printing Parameters for Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Hollow Microneedle Arrays, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111836, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, amorphous (SD with Pluronic F-127, microwave method), amorphous (SD with Pluronic F-127, melted method), partially amorphous (SD with Pluronic F-127, kneaded method). 1986 May-Jun;1(3):169-91. doi: 10.1007/BF03259836. Maniruzzaman, M.; Islam, M.T. pH-independent controlled release tablets containing nanonizing valsartan solid dispersions for less variable bioavailability in humans. 2. Infrared spectra were recorded with a Thermo Fischer Scientific Nicolet 380 FTIR spectrometer (Madison, WI, USA), controlled by OMNIC software and equipped with a deuterated triglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector with KBr window. Tea contains small amounts of theobromine and slightly higher levels of theophylline than coffee. Sinha, S.; Ali, M.; Baboota, S.; Ahuja, A.; Kumar, A.; Ali, J. 3. Theophylline does not undergo any appreciable pre-systemic elimination, distributes freely into fat-free tissues and is extensively metabolized in the liver. Exposes the truth about caffeine, the unregulated, addictive drug found in common drinks and pain medications and explains how it affects mood and athletic performance, how it is used to cement buying patterns and its role in obesity and ... Caffeine biotransformation in human hepatocyte lines derived from normal liver tissue. Men and women of all ages, including children and pregnant women, intake daily doses of these stimulants which are present in many beverages and foods, and mainly found in coffee, tea, chocolate bars and cola drinks (Gilbert and Scott 2000).Scientific studies about the effects of on physiology and … This drug has psychoactive properties. They are used when adjusting the initial doses. a phosphodiesterase inhibiting drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma under a variety of brand names. prior to publication. 1983 Jan;224(1):180-5. ; writing—review and editing, E.L. and M.W. 1, pp. Notes for Consumers: Side effects from Theophylline may get worse if you take too much Caffeine.Side effects may include nausea, irritability, nervousness, rapid heart-beat, tremors, or difficulty sleeping. ; Meghani, N.M.; Tran, P.H.L. The characteristic FTIR absorption bands and Raman shifts for TF (, The results of PCA calculations for the acquired data from the FTIR spectra are shown in, The findings of this work revealed that three areas can be separated in the phase diagram. This curve was predicted on the basis of the Florry–Huggins theory and the Gibbs free energy, according to the calculation method presented in the papers [. To test this hypothesis in humans, we first determined if theophylline would antagonize the effects of adenosine. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world but how does the production influence chemistry and quality? This book covers coffee production, quality and chemistry from the plant to the cup. Therefore, amorphization of CAF and TF by homogenization with HPMC can be applied in the pharmaceutical technology to manufacture the solid dosage formulations, which may contain lower doses of both methylxanthines in pharmaceutical product due to better solubility and dissolution rate of amorphous drug substance. The mean serum half-time for caffeine was 3.9±1.4 hours and that for theophylline was 5.8±1.7 hours. To realize this purpose, the physical mixtures of both methylxanthines with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. All substances were weighed using XA 105 Mettler Toledo Dual Range instrument (Schwerzenbach, Switzerland). Theophylline antagonizes diazepam-induced psychomotor impairment. MeSH As illustrated in, To assess the quantity of TF that may lose crystallinity in mixtures with amorphous HPMC, a phase diagram was developed. They both have many physiological effects on … Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review Methylxanthines are widely distributed in the plant world in plants such as Thea sinensis, Coffea arabica (coffee), and Theobroma cacao (coco, chocolate). MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Coffee Contains Theobromine and Theophylline. ; Malick, A.W. Although the mechanism of action of caffeine in apnea of prematurity is … • The purpose of our prospective randomized study was to compare the efficacy of theophylline ethylenediamine and caffeine sodium citrate in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. The magnitude of the increase in Pdi was greater with caffeine than with theophylline, however. theophylline, etc ; caffeine; carbon nanotubes; electrodes; oxides; ruthenium; Show all 6 Subjects Abstract: A procedure for the batch-injection amperometric determination of caffeine and theophylline using a screen-printed electrode modified with a composite based on ruthenium oxides and functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes was developed. The high and negative intercept value (−48.279) in the regression equation indicates a proportional reduction in CAF crystallinity, which confirms that CAF partially loses its crystallinity after homogenization with HPMC. DSC in the chemical analysis of drugs. The diagram developed also allows an evaluation of the proportions at which homogenization of methylxanthines with HPMC will create thermodynamically stable solid solutions. Guarana also contains theophylline and theobromine, which are chemicals similar to caffeine . Two FTIR spectral ranges containing data on deformation vibrations of the O=C–C group of CAF (670–800 cm, PCA calculations for the matrix containing CAF and HPMC revealed that together PC1 and PC2 explained more than 90% of total variability. ; Oh, E.; et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Campanella, L.; Valentina, M.; Tomassetti, M.; Vecchio, S. Quantitative determination of acetylsalicylic acid in commercial drugs using DSC Comparison with titration and UV spectrophotometric methods. This indicates a proportional loss of crystallinity of CAF and TF due to the formation of solid solutions. In the area between these curves the solid solution is thermodynamically unstable. Theophylline. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. ; Choi, H.G. Theophylline1,3-dimethylxanthine. The drug is structurally similar to caffeine, which works as a central nervous system stimulant. Theophylline and Caffeine have both been used to treat what in premature neonates? The therapeutic dose of theophylline, however, is many times greater than the levels attained from caffeine metabolism. This book covers the latest scientific knowledge in a uniquely structured format and is specifically designed to link chemistry with health and nutrition to provide a broad, appealing book. Here we investigate the transcriptional regulation of 83 genes linked to Alzheimer’s disease in the presence of five methylxanthines, including the most prominent naturally occurring methylxanthines—caffeine, theophylline and theobromine—and the synthetic methylxanthines pentoxifylline and propentofylline. Found inside – Page 169O O CH (a) No || } N | } 2,2'-3' 2s / O | N O | N CH3 CH3 Theophylline Caffeine O (b) • *~~ | } O o' N Me Theophylline column radiolabelled (c) O—Th RNA mixture O—Th Sequence Alignment Secondary Structure Target -*. a- one- *- *-. In the present study, the use of tetrahydrofuran has been adopted to provide a means for simultaneous measurement of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in serum and saliva. Theophylline definition is - a feebly basic bitter crystalline compound C7H8N4O2 present in tea leaves that is isomeric with theobromine and is used in medicine especially as a bronchodilator. Theophylline is a chemical compound with one or more phenolic rings that contains an amino group (with nitrogen in it) and is basic or alkaline. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland. Asada, M.; Takahashi, H.; Okamoto, H.; Tanino, H.; Danjo, K. Theophylline particle design using chitosan by the spray drying. Found inside – Page 326Caffeine is given as a loading dose of 10 mg/kg of active base or 20 mg/kg of caffeine citrate salt, ... The efficacy of theophylline and caffeine has been shown to be identical in a double-blind trial.66 The plasma half-life of ... Prescribed for Apnea of Prematurity, Drowsiness. The population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of theophylline were investigated in a prospective and retrospective study of 97 premature neonates with apnea (postnatal age [PNA] 0–18.3 weeks, gestational age [GA] ... Theophylline and caffeine are very similar in structure, but caffeine’s effects are short-lived and last only up to 4 hours . A HSM test was carried out in the range of 25–300 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min using a BX41 Olympus polarizing microscope (Shinjuku, Japan). For PCA calculations, the absorbance values were collected every 2 cm, The phase diagram for mixtures of crystalline CAF with amorphous HPMC, including miscibility and solubility curves, is shown in, To develop the miscibility curve, temperatures ranging from 0 °C to the melting point of CAF were used. The miscibility curve was developed based on the assumption that a mixture with a well-defined proportion of ingredients is thermodynamically stable at a given temperature.
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